The outer surface of the oncosphere is covered by an epithelial layer, termed the embryonic epithelium. Panel c shows a biopsy specimen from a cervical lymph. Discussion hymenolepis nana is a small tapeworm 1540 mm that tends to infect children. The fine structure of the envelopes surrounding hatched and unhatched oncospheres of hymenolepis nana has been investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy sem, together with light microscope histochemical observations of jb4 embedded material. Hymenolepis nana infestation is commonly diagnosed in schoolaged children and very rarely reported in adults patients in saudi arabia. A brief movie showing a hymenolepis nana worm in the ileal mucosa during ileocolonoscopy is shown in the supplemental file worm. Microtrichial polymorphism among hymenolepid tapeworms as. Ultrastructural studies of the surface of hymenolepis nana by. Radiographic and pathological features of malignant hymenolepis nana anteroposterior and axial ct scans in panels a and b, respectively, show the presence of lung nodules. Parasitological diagnosis relied on microscopic detection in. In order to study the infectivity and development of the human strain of hymenolepis nana in mice, a human strain of h. Surface topography of hymenolepis diminuta by scanning electron microscopy john e. We found no significant association between the vegetable type and the parasite occurrence p 0. Guide to lifecycle, pathology, symptomatology, and.
It is the smallest and only cestode that parasites the human without any intermediate host. Concentration techniques and repeated examinations will increase the likelihood of detecting light infections. Hymenolepis nana is the most common cause of all cestode infections encountered worldwide estimated 75 million people infected in warm climates and under poor hygienic conditions prevalence in children 23% in temperate areas its incidence is higher in children and institutionalized groups. Of hymenolepis nana in icr mice pc fan institute tropical medicine and department of parasitology, national yangming university, taipei, taiwan, republic of china abstract. Hymenolepiasis is prevalent throughout the world with human infections with h. Pdf the effect of praziquantel and carica papaya seeds on. Jeol scanning electron microscope jsm6060lv at the central. Hymenolepis nana dwarf tapeworm adults live in the gut lumen of the definitive host. Diagnostic stages of allintestinal parasites are relative largeand have a distinctive morphology. Jun 01, 1981 the fine structure of the oncosphere of hymenolepis nana has been investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, together with light microscope observations of jb4 embedded material. The adult worm resides in the ileal portion of the small intestine. Moreover, parasite incidence was independent of the vegetable type. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of raillietina spp. Advanced approach in differentiation study in hymenolepis nana.
See more ideas about infectious disease, disease, first health. Hymenolepis nana has a worldwide distribution with estimates of 5075 million carriers. Pdf hymenolepis nana human diagnosed through colonoscopy. Pdf advanced approach in differentiation study in hymenolepis. Neoplasms occur naturally in invertebrates but are not known to develop in tapeworms. Clinicopathological studies on spontaneous hymenolepis. We observed nests of monomorphic, undifferentiated. Hymenolepis nana larval cysts taenia solium echinococcus granulosus echinococcus multilocularis nematodes intestinal ascaris lumbricoides ancylostoma duodenale necator americanus trichuris trichiura strongyloides stercoralis enterobius vermicularis tissue invasive wuchereria bancrofti brugia malayi onchocerca volvulus loa loa trichinella spiralis. Anteroposterior and axial ct scans in panels a and b, respectively, show the presence of lung nodules. The effect and mechanism of action of praziquantel pzq, given at a dose of 25mgkg bw, and carica papaya dried seed crude aqueou. Pdf the effect of praziquantel and carica papaya seeds. Description of hymenolepis microstoma nottingham strain.
It is more prevalent in warm climates where sanitation is poor, particularly among children. Scanning and transmission electron microscope studies on. Surface topography of hymenolepis diminuta by scanning. This is in contrast to other studies were ascaris lumbricoides was the commonest helminth 7,9 in present study round worm infection was present in 1. Scanning electron microscopy of hymenolepis nana and h. Hymenolepiasis is an infection caused by hymenolepis nana h. Malignant transformation of hymenolepis nana in a human host. The scolex, suckers, rostellum and strobila are all covered with dense populations of microtriches which are all of the same size and shape except on the scolex and suckers which are slightly more slender than those on the strobila. Hymenolepis diminuta, wild and laboratory rats, zoonosis. The resulting vacuolization of the tegument was exclusively confined to the neck region of the tapeworms and was already observed after treatment for 5 min with 1. Hymenolepis nana mouse mexico hm536189 hymenolepididae. Scanning electron microscopy scanning electron microscopy subject category.
The fine structure of the oncosphere of hymenolepis nana has been investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, together with light. This infection does not require an intermediate host and infection can occur directly from one infected person to another by fecaloral transmission. Ultrastructural studies of the surface of hymenolepis nana. Guide to lifecycle, pathology, symptomatology, and treatment. The 40 faecal samples were prepared for microscopy using the modified formol. Examination of the stool for eggs and parasites confirms the diagnosis.
Hymenolepis worms live in the intestines of rats and are common in warm climates, and are generally found in the feces of rats, which are consumed by their secondary hostsbeetles. Humans and other animals become infected when they intentionally or unintentionally eat. Techniques, methodologies and equipment see more details of the surface of h. In india, diminuta rat tapeworm and hymenolepis nana dwarf tapeworm is not uncommon in wild and laboratory rats. Infections caused by cestods part i helminths worms 2. In 3 species of hymenolepis, scanning electron microscopy of the tegument has revealed microtrichial polymorphism. It has a cosmopolitan distribution and is thought to be the most common tapeworm throughout the world. Scanning and transmission electron microscope studies on the. The fact that an intermediate host is not required in the life cycle was determined in the late 1800s. The effect of praziquantel and carica papaya seeds on. Hymenolepis nana, the dwarf tapeworm, is the smallest tapeworm to infect humans. Hymenolepis nana hymenolepididae infecting laboratory mice. Introduction hymenolepiasis caused by hymenolepis different parts of world 28.
The fine structure of the envelopes surrounding hatched and unhatched oncospheres of hymenolepis nana has been investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy sem, together with light microscope histochemical observations of jb4. The species name nana is derived from its small size which means dwarf of the adult worm. The effect and mechanism of action of praziquantel pzq, given at a dose of 25mgkg bw, and carica papaya dried seed crude aqueous extract cae, given at a dose of 1. Dna extraction genomic dna was extracted by using chelex solution. What is hymenolepis nana infection the dwarf tapeworm or hymenolepis nana is found worldwide. Both tapeworms are known for their global zoonotic significance 31. The infection is more frequently seen in children although adults are also infected. Specian department of biology, southern methodist university, dallas, texas 75275 abstract.
Pdf scanning and transmission electron microscope studies. The authors cite some ear lier cases as examples of proliferating. The dwarf tapeworm, hymenolepis nana, was studied by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy after in vitro exposure to 1. The excellent preservation of microtriches proves the efficacy of the critical point drying method for preparing cestodes for study by sem. The effects of paromomycin sulfate on diphyllobothrium erinacei and hymenolepis nana in vitro were examined morphologically with a scanning and a transmission electron microscope. Hymenolepis nana is also known as the dwarf tapeworm. Hymenolepiasis is more frequent among children, and most human infections remain asymptomatic and selflimited. Infection is most common in children, in persons living in institutional settings, and in people who live in areas where sanitation and personal hygiene is inadequate. The dwarf tapeworm, hymenolepis nana, was studied by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy after in vitro exposure to 1, 10, and 100. The study indicates that socioeconomic factors dwarf tapeworm hymenolepis nana, also known and lack of parent education are tough influences on the high as vampirolepis nana, hymenolepis fraterna, and taenia prevalence rate14.
Malignant transformation of hymenolepis nana in a human. Hymenolepis nana infection is observed in households with poor hygiene and overcrowding, and can have a prevalence of 525% in children 54. Ultrastructural changes of the tegument on diphyllobothrium. When eggs are ingested by an arthropod intermediate host various species of beetles and fleas may serve as intermediate hosts, they develop into cysticercoids, which can infect humans or rodents upon ingestion and develop into adults in the small.
Dualfecestest dft routine handling and targets diagnosisof 24 pathogens. Easy to recognize under a light microscope for a well trained laboratory technician. Dwarf tapeworm nanos means dwarf, up to 40 mm long. Infections caused by cestods part i helminths worms. Hymenolepis nana introduction hymenolepis nana, the dwarf tapeworm, is the smallest tapeworm to infect humans. Scanning and transmission electron microscope studies. Hymenolepis nana penetration gland cambridge university press. Scanning electron microscopy sem succeeds in revealing novel microtopographical features of the hostparasite relationship, as well as proving invaluable in helminthes taxonomy. Herein, scanning electron microscopy sem was also utilized to determine the possible effects of extract on. Humans and other animals become infected when they intentionally or unintentionally eat material contaminated by insects. It is transmitted directly from hand to mouth and, less frequently, by contaminated food or water, and, possibly, by ingestion of insect intermediate hosts.
Scanning electron microscopy sem of the surface of hymenolepis diminuta, particularly. The oncosphere is surrounded by 3 layers the capsule, the outer envelope and the inner envelope, the latter giving rise to the. Hymenolepis nana mouse mexico hm536189 hymenolepididae hymenolepis microstoma hmic japan ab494478 hymenolepididae. Hymenolepis diminuta, a rat tapeworm, can also cause human infection. Advanced approach in differentiation study in hymenolepis. Malignant transformation of hymenolepis nana in a human host to the editor. The worms mature into a life form referred to as a cysticercoid in the insect.
The oncosphere is surrounded by 3 layersthe capsule, the outer envelope and the. Hymenolepis nana has been called the dwarf tapeworm and has a worldwide distribution. The oncosphere is surrounded by 3 layers the capsule, the outer envelope and. Scanning electron micrographs of the anterior strobilar regions of hymenolepis microstoma. Dec 31, 2010 background hymenolepis microstoma dujardin, 1845 blanchard, 1891, the mouse bile duct tapeworm, is a rodentbeetlehosted laboratory model that has been used in research and teaching since its domestication in the 1950s. The fine structure of the oncosphere of hymenolepis nana has been investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, together with light microscope observations of jb4 embedded material. In the southeastern usa, as many as 1% of young schoolchildren. Eggs of hymenolepis nana are immediately infective when passed with the stool and cannot survive more than 10 days in the external environment. Hymenolepis nana pathogen intestinal cestode organism. Hymenolepis nana bilharz, 1851 ransom, 1901 1 dwarf tapeworm hymenolepis nana, also known as rodentolepis nana, vampirolepis nana, hymenolepis fraterna, and taenia nana is a cosmopolitan species though most common in temperate zones, and is one of the most common cestodes a type of intestinal worm or helminth infecting humans. This cestode belongs to a large family known as hymenolepididae.
168 111 1362 28 1590 1014 548 487 105 239 1227 991 397 524 1706 1029 3 799 944 1247 1539 1076 1224 224 97 440