To determine the prevalence of low birth weight and associated factor, among the neonates born in jimma medical center from may 1, 2015 gc april 30, 2017 g. Based practices reduce necrotizing enterocolitis and. Low birth weight is the leading cause of infant and child mortality and contributes to several poor health outcomes. Determinants of low birth weight in cilacap district. Low birth weight not a black and white issue, national england journal of medicine, 332. Prevalence and factors associated with low birth weight in. Low birth weight babies pose increased risk of hypoglycemia. The prevalence of low birth weight babies in nepal is estimated to be about 1232%. A spatialtemporal analysis of low birth weight prevalence. Low birth weight lbw will cause problems including hypothermia, hypoglycemia, infection or sepsis and other disorders due to the worst can cause death in infants. A large number of infant deaths can be averted by appropriate management of low birth weight babies and prevention of factors associated with low birth weight. Worldwide, approximately 90% of lbw infants are born in developing countries.
Oddsratioorand95%ciwere calculated to estimate the relative risk of type 2 diabetes by birth weight category using those of 3,0003,499 g as the referent group or 1 in the multivariate logistic regression model. Organization in 2010, the prevalence of lbw low birth weight babies was 15% of births in the world and often occurs in countries with low economies. Data for low birth weighta,b regiona % of infants with low birth weightb % of infants not. Mar 06, 2014 negassi teklehaimanot, tesfay hailu, huruy assefa, prevalence and factors associated with low birth weight in axum and laelay maichew districts, north ethiopia. Mental health of extremely low birth weight survivors. Low birth weight continues to remain key public health concern related to poverty, social factors such as lower status of women, lack of nutrition and antenatal care. The contribution of low birth weight to infant mortality and childhood morbidity, new england journal of medicine. Oxygen therapy in premature low birth weight infants is. Nov 26, 2018 background different primary studies in ethiopia showed the burden of low birth weight. Maternal age, height, and socioeconomic status, related to moderately low birth weight on univariate analysis, were not on multivariate analysis significant predictors for either lowbirthweight outcome. Low birth weight and high birth weight infants are both at an. For example, the expected costs of delivery and initial care of a baby weighing grams at birth can exceed. Based on epidemiological observations, low birth weight infants are 20 times likely to develop complications compared to heavier babies 1. Low birth weight lbw, as dened by the world health organization who,isa weight at birth that is less than 2500 g up to and including 2499 g.
Most extremely low birth weight infants are also the youngest of premature newborns, usually born at 27 weeks gestational age or younger. The birth weight difference on both groups were not significant p0. Another impact of lbw is physical problems, namely chronic lung disease. National journal of community medicine vol 2 issue 3 octdec 2011. A comparative cross sectional study, international journal of nutrition and food sciences.
As universal hearing screening programmes have become widely implemented and the survival rate of vlbw babies in modern intensive care units has increased, we have gained a substantially better understanding of the nature of this problem. This study was aimed to estimate the national prevalence and associated factors of low birth weight in ethiopia. Dec 19, 2015 times higher birth weight for lbw ahmad, 2015. This definition is objective and subject to standardization in contrast to a classification based on estimates of gestational age which are dependent upon the mothers. In helsinki, and in other studies, the effects of low birth weight on blood pressure and hypertension are amplified by rapid weight gain in childhood. Feb, 2017 ing 1,000 g, and focused mainly on children born at very low birth weight vlbw. Research article a case control study on risk factors. Hearing loss in children with very low birth weight.
Low birth weight lbw is a major public health problem due to its association with high morbidity and mortality of infants. Nearly 75 percent neonatal deaths and 50 percent infant deaths occur among the low birth weight neonates. However, no studies have investigated whether high. Predictors of low and very low birth weight and the. Recent trends, risk factors, and disparities in low birth. Low birth weight or lbw, as it is abbreviated, denotes birth weight of less than 2500 gm.
Low birth weight 2500 g or less constitutes a major public health problem. This study aims to analyze the effect of nutritional status at the beginning of pregnancy, maternal education and family expenditure on the incidence of low birth weight lbw in cilacap district. Relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus and low. Low birth weight lbw infants weigh less than 2,500 g at birth and in the united states constitute 8% of all live births, the overwhelming majority born prematurely. Low birth weight is not found on the pregnant women in intervention group, while there are 3.
Low birth weight as a risk factor for infant mortality in egypt. Proper knowledge of risk factors of low birth weight is important for identifying those mothers at risk and thereby for planning and taking appropriate actions. The world health organization who defined low birth weight lbw as that below 2,500gm. The contribution of low birth weight to infant mortality and. Pokharel, 6 andparaskumarpokharel 5 department of community medicine and public health, national medical college, birgunj, parsa, nepal. There are qualitative differences in dietary requirements during early and late pregnancy micronutrients and proteins required in early pregnancy, and calories and other nutrients later.
Low birth weight infants as a proportion of total live births, 2018 or latest available. Sep 02, 20 the association between low birth weight lbw, which reflects intrauterine nutritional status, and the development of adult diseases has been confirmed in many studies for type 2 diabetes t2d, hypertension ht and ischemic heart diseases ihd 14. The relationship of maternal smoking and low birthweight birth due to intrauterine growth. Babies with low birth weight look much smaller than other babies of normal birth weight. Apr 08, 2015 birth weight of a child is an important indicator of its vulnerability for childhood illness and chances of survival. Low birth weight lbw is defined as the birth weight of live born infants below 2500 g, regardless of gestational age. For example, the expected costs of delivery and initial care of a baby weighing grams at birth.
Low birth weight is an important predictor of newborn health and survival. Zhou lm, yang ww, hua jz, deng cq, tao x, stoltzfus rj. Maternal factors in predicting low birth weight babies. Predictors of low and very low birth weight and the relation. National center for health statistics, between 1990 and 2002, rates of preterm birth delivery of infants before 37 weeks gestation increased more than ten percent, from 10. Research article a case control study on risk factors associated with low birth weight babies in eastern nepal ravikumarbhaskar, 1 krishnakumardeo, 2 uttamneupane, 3 subhadrachaudharybhaskar, 4 birendrakumaryadav, 5 hanoonp. A funnel plot and eggers regression test were used to see. Low birth weight lbw birth weight less than 2,500 g in a given time period. Those who survive are more likely to suffer from stunted growth1 and lower iq. Background metabolic bone disease mbd is a common disorder in extremely low. Low birthweight a babys low weight at birth is either the result of preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation or of restricted foetal intrauterine growth. Low birth weight lbw is a leading risk factor for infant morbidity and mortality in the united states.
Risk factors of low birth weight infants international journal of. In a large prospective study, we investigated predictors of moderately low 1,501 to 2,500 g and very low birth weight. Regional trends in birth weight in low and middleincome. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of low. Babies with low birth weight neonatology jama jama. A newborn is dened as having normal bw if weight at birth is. Newborn mortality and disease are directly related to birth weight bw, and insufficient or excess weight at birth is always accompanied by an increase of these risk factors. Low birth weight lbw is a wellknown factor associated with neonatal mortality and has contributed to a range of poor health outcomes. Low birth weight is a frequent occurrence, and it is of some concern that the incidence of lbw infants has not decreased along with other infant mortality and.
World health organization defines low birth weight lbw as the birth weight less than 2500. Pdf risk factors associated with low birth weight researchgate. Associated terms birth weight is the first weight of the fetus or newborn obtained after birth. Birth weight bw is the single most predictive factor of mortality in the first few months of life, and a babys birth weight is an important indicator of his health. In addition, quantitative analyses were applied only to cognitive and attentional problems, in the latter case involving only seven studies. Low birth weight and its associated factors in ethiopia. Entry of the exposure variable was forced, followed by. Pdf risk factors associated with low birth weight in newborns. Prevalence of low birth weight and associated factor among. Low birth weight lbw is a major determinant of infant mortality and morbidity. Low birth weight at term and its determinants in a tertiary. National center for health statistics 1990 health, united states 1989.
Determinants of low birth weight among deliveries at a. Low birth weight lbw is one of the important indices for assessing the health of infants, which demonstrates the quality of fetal growth 1. Risk factors associated with low birth weight rahfiludin. Very low birth weight refers to babies who weigh less than 3. Low birth weight lbw has been defined by who as weight at birth of less than 2. Comparison of pattern of weight increment between low birth weight lbw and normal weight infants nbw from birth to nine months of age.
Low birthweight newborns have a higher risk of dying in the first 28 days of life. An extremely low birth weight elbw infant is defined as one with a birth weight of less than 2 lb or 3 oz or 1kg or 2. This study investigates factors predicting occurrence of low birth weight among deliveries at debreberhan. Thus, the babies require specialized and proper care. By contrast, rates are far higher in colombia, greece and japan, where low weight births make up around 910% of live births. Outcomes and reduce the incidence of low birth weight and preterm infants policies, programs and avenues for advocacy.
A spatialtemporal analysis of low birth weight prevalence in. Statistically the incidence of low birth weight babies lbw in developing countries by 90% lbw has a higher risk of death that is 35 times that of babies with normal birth weight. Babies with low birth weight neonatology jama jama network. An association between birth weight low birth weight vlbw and hearing loss has been long recognised.
Impact of maternal nutrition on birth weight of babies. Maternal and neonatal risk factors of low birth weight in guwahati metro, assam, northeast india. Is the risk of low birth weight or preterm labor greater. In india 85% of neonatal mortality is associated with lbw. By international agreement, lbw has been defined as a birth weight of less than 2500 grams, with the measurement being taken preferably within the first hour of life, before significant postnatal weight loss has occurred 2. Lbw together with preterm delivery has also been recognized as a strong biological. A case control study on risk factors associated with low. Low birth weight lbw, defined as a birth weight low birth weight, representing more. Based on epidemiological observations, low birth weight infants are 20 times likely to develop complications com. Kusuda s, fujimura m, uchiyama a, totsu s, matsunami k. We compared a cohort of 242 survivors among very lowbirthweight infants born between 1977 and 1979 mean birth weight, 1179 g. Based on the bivariate analysis and a priori information, a multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to examine the relationship between variables and low birth weight, while also considering possible covariate e ects.
Low birth weight lbw remains a significant public health problem in many developing countries, and poor nutrition both before and during pregnancy is recognized as an important cause. Maternal and neonatal risk factors of low birth weight in. The prevalence and risk factors for low birth weight among term. The costs of low birth weight princeton university. Although these estimates suggest some progress in reducing lbw between 2000 and 2015, achieving the 274% aarr required between 2012 and 2025 to meet the global nutrition target will require more than doubling progress, involving both improved measurement and programme investments to address the causes of lbw throughout the lifecycle. It is a public health problem caused by factors that are. Babies with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams, irrespective of. Relation of hemoglobin measured at different times in pregnancy to pre term birth and low birth weight in shanghai, china. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine factors associated with lbw infants. Low birth weight may be subdivided into very low birth weight less than 1500 g and extremely low birth weight less than 1 000 g. In the neonatal period, when most infant deaths occur, the proportion of low birth weight infants, especially those with very low weight, is the major determinant of the magnitude of the mortality rates. Nearly 75 percent neonatal deaths and 50 percent infant deaths occur among the low birth weight.
The effects of preterm birth can be severe, with preterm birth being the leading cause of neonatal mortality. Outcomes in young adulthood for verylowbirthweight infants. Since the first world health assembly in 1948, the international definition of prematurity based on birth weight. Baseline characteristics of the patients including sex, gestational age, and birth weight were similar during the study period. The low birth weight infant remains at much higher risk of mortality than the infant with normal weight at birth. Low birth weight babies are more likely to have health and developmental problem including learning difficulties, hearing and visual impairments, chronic respiratory problems etc. To assess the prevalence and associated factors of low birth weight among term neonates delivered in adwa hospital, northern.
The normal birth weight of newborns in our country is around 2800 to 3000 gm. World health organisation who estimates that globally, out of 9 million live births, more than 20 million lbw babies are born each year, consisting 15. Pdf low birth weight baby j4r journal for research. Maternal obstetric and sociodemographic determinants of. Low birth weight babies risk factors and complications. Stoll, in infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant sixth edition, 2006 low birth weight and prematurity. Trends in morbidity and mortality among very lowbirthweight infants from 2003 to 2008 in japan. Emerging evidence on the role of intergenerational effects in determining maternal preconceptual nutritional statu. Low birth weight refers to babies who weigh less than 5. Lowbirthweight infants have become the largest clinical population in the neonatal intensive care unit as a result of improved clinical care and enhanced survival. Factors affecting birth weight of a newborn a community. Appropriate phosphorus intake by parenteral nutrition. Low birth weight lbw, defined as a birth weight jul 05, 2012 low birth weight lbw has been defined as a birth weight of less than 2.
The prevalence of low birth weight lbw is higher in asia than elsewhere, predominantly because of undernutrition of the mother prior to and during pregnancy. Influencing interventions to promote positive pregnancy. A newborns weight at birth is an important marker of maternal and fetal health and nutrition. Babies are born with low birth weight because of prematurity being born too early, poor intrauterine growth growing too slowly in the womb, or both. Low birth weight babies international journal of contemporary. Outcomes in young adulthood for verylowbirthweight. The above table shows that the highest birth weight was on intervention group 33 51.
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